It served as the second capital of the island after Anuradhapura, and today it stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Here’s an overview of what makes Polonnaruwa a must-visit destination ( Polonnaruwa )
1. Royal Palace (Vijayabahu Palace)
The Royal Palace is an impressive architectural marvel believed to have been seven stories tall. Though much of the palace is in ruins, you can still see its grand scale and complex layout, which was once the residence of King Parakramabahu I.
2. Sacred Quadrangle (Dalada Maluwa)
A compact yet dense area of religious significance, the Sacred Quadrangle houses several important structures, including:
- Vatadage: A circular relic house built to protect sacred relics. It features beautiful stone carvings and a central stupa.
- Thuparama Gedige: A small image house with thick walls, showcasing ancient brickwork and sculptures.
3. Gal Viharaya
One of the most iconic sites in Polonnaruwa, Gal Viharaya features four massive Buddha statues carved out of a single granite rock. The standing, sitting, and reclining Buddha statues are masterpieces of ancient Sri Lankan craftsmanship, representing serene expressions of Buddhist art.
4. Rankoth Vehera
This large stupa, built by King Nissanka Malla, stands 54 meters tall and is one of the most prominent structures in Polonnaruwa. It reflects the influence of Anuradhapura’s stupas and was used for Buddhist rituals.
5. Parakrama Samudraya (Sea of Parakrama)
A massive reservoir that still serves as a vital water source for the region. It was built by King Parakramabahu I and covers over 2,500 hectares. The reservoir is not only a brilliant example of ancient engineering but also a picturesque spot for relaxing by the water and watching local birdlife.
6. Lankathilaka Image House
This grand image house once contained a large statue of the Buddha. Though much of the statue is now ruined, the imposing 14-meter-high walls of the structure remain, offering a sense of the grandeur it once held.
7. Nissanka Latha Mandapaya
This unique pavilion features stone columns carved to resemble lotus stems, used for chanting Buddhist scriptures. Its delicate design sets it apart from other structures in the ancient city.
